1 Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC), “US, China & Spain Lead World Wind Power Market in 2007,” press release (Brussels: 15 February 2008); GWEC, “Global Wind Installations Pass 100 GW, and Are Predicted to Rise to 240 GW by 2012,” press release (Brussels: 1 April 2008). Figure 1 from the following: BTM Consult, European Wind Energy Association (EWEA), American Wind Energy Association (AWEA), Windpower Monthly, New Energy; 2005 data are a Worldwatch estimate based on GWEC, “Global Wind Energy Markets Continue to Boom—2006 Another Record Year,” press release (Brussels: 2 February 2007); 2006 and 2007 data from GWEC, Table: “Global Installed Wind Power Capacity (MW)–Regional Distribution,” 2008, at www.gwec.net, viewed 4 April 2008.
2 GWEC, “US, China & Spain Lead,” op. cit. note 1. Figure 2 from sources for Figure 1 cited in note 1.
3 EWEA, “Wind Energy Leads EU Power Installations in 2007, But National Growth is Inconsistent,” press release (Brussels: 4 February 2008).
4 AWEA, “Wind Power Outlook 2008,” at www.awea.org/Market_Report_Jan08.pdf. Figure 3 from the following: 1980–2001 for Germany from Bundesverband WindEnergie (BWE), EWEA; United States from Paul Gipe, AWEA; Spain from Instituto para Diversificacion y Ahorro Energetico; 2002–04 from BTM Consult ApS, EWEA, AWEA; 2005 from GWEC, “Record Year for Wind Energy: Global Wind Power Market Increased by 43% in 2005,” press release (Brussels: 17 February 2006); 2006 from GWEC, “Global Wind Energy Markets Continue to Boom,” op. cit. note 1; 2007 from GWEC, “Global Installed Wind Power Capacity,” op. cit. note 1; China data from Shi Pengfei, “Wind Power in China,” presentation, Guangzhou, China, 23 March 2007, and from Shi Pengfei, “2006 Wind Installations in China” (Beijing, China General Certification Center, 2007), both cited in Eric Martinot and Junfeng Li, Powering China’s Development: The Role of Renewable Energy, Special Report (Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute, November 2007), and from GWEC, “Global Installed Wind Power Capacity,” op. cit. note 1.
5 AWEA, op. cit. note 4.
6 AWEA, “Installed U.S. Wind Power Capacity Surged 45% in 2007: American Wind Energy Association Market Report,” press release (Washington: 17 January 2008).
7 States from REN21, Renewables 2007 Global Status Report (Paris and Washington, DC: REN21 Secretariat and Worldwatch Institute, 2008), p. 25.
8 Texas and 30 percent from Graham Jesmer, “Wind Power Helps Texas Move Past Oil,” RenewableEnergyAccess.com, 28 November 2008; six states from AWEA, op. cit. note 4.
9 EWEA, op. cit. note 3.
10 Ibid.
11 Ibid.
12 Nearly 4 percent from ibid.; carbon dioxide avoided from GWEC, “US, China & Spain Lead,” op. cit. note 1.
13 European share from GWEC, “US, China & Spain Lead,” op. cit. note 1; 60 percent is Worldwatch calculation based on ibid. and on EWEA, op. cit. note 3.
14 Germany total from EWEA, “Wind Power Installed in Europe by End of 2007 (cumulative),” map and tables, at www.ewea.org, viewed 13 February 2008; share of global total is Worldwatch calculation based on ibid. and on GWEC, “US, China & Spain Lead,” op. cit. note 1.
15 Andreas Wagner, GE Wind Energy, Salzbergen, Germany, discussion with author, 28 March 2008.
16 Installations in 2007 from EWEA, op. cit. note 14; 25 percent less from “World Wind Energy Market to Grow in ’08—German VDMA,” Reuters, 23 January 2008.
17 Share of electricity from renewables (6.3 percent) in 2000 from Jane Burgermeister, “EU to Fall Short of 2010 Renewable Energy Target,” RenewableEnergyWorld.com, 31 August 2007; share exceeded 14 percent by the end of 2007, from Erik Kirschbaum, “Europe’s Renewables Lead Stirs US Concern—Germany,” Reuters, 19 March 2008.
18 “Wind Wire,” Windpower Monthly, February 2008, p. 8.
19 Ibid.
20 Total capacity from EWEA, op. cit. note 14; share of electricity needs from EWEA, op. cit. note 3.
21 EWEA, op. cit. note 14.
22 EWEA, op. cit. note 3.
23 Figure of 78 percent is Worldwatch calculation based on GWEC, “US, China & Spain Lead,” op. cit. note 1, on AWEA, op. cit. note 6, and on EWEA, op. cit. note 3; more than 70 nations from GWEC, “Wind: A Global Power Source,” at www.gwec.net, viewed 13 February 2008; Zimbabwe from Henry David Venema and Moussa Cisse, Seeing the Light: Adapting to Climate Change with Decentralized Renewable Energy in Developing Countries (Winnipeg, MN, Canada: International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2004), p. 109.
24 GWEC, “US, China & Spain Lead,” op. cit. note 1.
25 Additions in 2007 from ibid. and from Steve Sawyer, GWEC, discussion with author, 5 March 2008; total from GWEC, “US, China & Spain Lead,” op. cit. note 1; target of 5,000 MW by 2010 from Martinot and Li, op. cit. note 4, p. 17.
26 “China Wind Power Hits 5.6 GW,” RenewableEnergyWorld.com, 18 January 2008;” Sawyer, op. cit. note 25.
27 Prediction for 2008 from “China Wind Power Hits 5.6 GW,” op. cit. note 26; 2015 prediction from GWEC, “US, China & Spain Lead,” op. cit. note 1.
28 GWEC, “Top 10 Total Installed Capacity,” and “Top 10 New Capacity,” tables, at www.gwec.net, viewed 4 April 2008.
29 Canada, Brazil, Chile, and Egypt from Birger Madsen, BTM Consult ApS, e-mail to author, 20 February 2008; New Zealand from GWEC, “Global Installed Wind Power Capacity,” op. cit. note 1.
31 Ibid.
32 Ibid.
33 Stephen Lacey, “Despite Rising Costs, Wind Industry Thriving Worldwide,” RenewableEnergyAccess.com, 26 July 2007.
34 Johnson, op. cit. note 30.
35 GWEC, op. cit. note 23.
36 Turbine shortage and materials costs from AWEA, op. cit. note 4; manufacturing profitability from Daniel Kammen, “A Snapshot of the U.S. Wind Industry,” GreenBiz.com, December 2007.
37 Natural gas plants from Kammen, op. cit. note 36; all conventional plants from AWEA, op. cit. note 4.
38 GWEC, op. cit. note 23; REN21, op. cit. note 7, p. 16.
39 GWEC, op. cit. note 23.
40 Lyn Harrison, “A Momentous Proposal,” Windpower Monthly, February 2008, p. 6.
41 Ibid.
42 BTM Consult ApS, World Market Update 2002 (Ringköbing, Denmark: 2002), p. ix.